Jumat, 05 Agustus 2011

ScienceDaily Health Headlines -- for Friday, August 5, 2011

ScienceDaily Health Headlines

for Friday, August 5, 2011

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Scientists map genes for common form of brain cancer; Findings reveal cause of the tumors (August 5, 2011) -- Scientists have completed a comprehensive map of genetic mutations occurring in the second-most common form of brain cancer, oligodendroglioma. The findings also appear to reveal the biological cause of the tumors, they say. ... > full story

Targeting innate immunity in malaria: Novel DNA sensing pathway linked to increased susceptibility to malaria (August 5, 2011) -- Scientists have uncovered a novel DNA-sensing pathway important to the triggering of an innate immune response for malaria. Activation of this pathway appears to stimulate production of an overabundance of type-1 interferon by the immune system that may contribute to inflammation and fever in malaria patients and could play a part in susceptibility for the most common and lethal form of malaria known as plasmodium falciparum. ... > full story

Studies shed light on hand hygiene knowledge and infection risk in hospitals and elementary schools (August 5, 2011) -- Increased hand hygiene knowledge positively correlates with a decreased risk of transmitting infection among both healthcare workers and elementary school children, according to two studies. ... > full story

Taller women are at increased risk of a wide range of cancers, research suggests (August 5, 2011) -- Taller people are at increased risk of a wide range of cancers, according to new research. The study found that in women the risk of cancer rises by about 16% for every 10cm (4 inches) increase in height. Previous studies have shown a link between height and cancer risk, but this research extends the findings to more cancers and for women with differing lifestyles and economic backgrounds. ... > full story

Genetic 'signature' discovered in plaque, possible key to future treatment (August 5, 2011) -- Researchers have found differences in artery plaque in people who had stroke and people who didn't. These differences -- found in the genetic profile of each plaque -- could allow researchers to target treatments to plaques that are most likely to rupture and cause a heart attack or stroke. ... > full story

Hormone reduces risk of heart failure from chemotherapy, study suggests (August 5, 2011) -- A new study utilizing a heart failure model is providing insight into one way to coax the cardiac stem cells into repairing the damaged heart. The research finds that low doses of erythropoietin (EPO), a hormone best known for controlling the production of red blood cells, might reduce the risk of heart failure associated with some anticancer therapies. ... > full story

Treatment intervention for former child soldiers in Uganda associated with reducing symptoms of PTSD (August 5, 2011) -- Former child soldiers from Northern Uganda who received a short-term trauma-focused intervention had a greater reduction of symptoms of posttraumatic stress disorder than soldiers who received other therapy, according to a new study. ... > full story

Surprising condition occurs in lungs after an invasion of mold, study shows (August 4, 2011) -- Researchers have found a surprising condition that occurs in the lungs after an invasion of a common, but potentially dangerous, mold. ... > full story

Predicting spinal disc degeneration (August 4, 2011) -- About 80 percent of the active population suffers from low back pain at some point in their lives. Researchers now show that overloading on already degenerated discs is less damaging than on discs which are still healthy -- and that changes in cell density in discs are fundamental to the process of disc degeneration. ... > full story

Are pet owners healthier and happier? Maybe not (August 4, 2011) -- For many people, Fido and Fluffy are more than just pets, they're true and equal members of the family. And it's not hard to see why. Our pets greet us at the door after a long day of work, settle in our laps while we're watching TV, or 'sing' along when we hum a tune. They provide companionship and even a sense of comfort. Yet according to new research there simply isn't strong evidence for the general claim that living with a pet makes for a happier, healthier or longer life. ... > full story

Researchers find way to help donor adult blood stem cells overcome transplant rejection (August 4, 2011) -- Findings may suggest new strategies for successful donor adult stem cell transplants in patients with blood cancers such as leukemia, lymphoma and myeloma. ... > full story

Artificial lung device: Feasibility of lung transplants demonstrated (August 4, 2011) -- Surgeons in the U.S. report using recently developed artificial lung technology to demonstrate the feasibility of a lung transplant. ... > full story

Harnessing the power of positive thoughts and emotions to treat depression (August 4, 2011) -- Positive activity interventions (PAIs) offer a safe, low-cost, and self-administered approach to managing depression and may offer hope to individuals with depressive disorders who do not respond or have access to adequate medical therapy, according to a comprehensive review article. ... > full story

Bellybutton microbiomes: Ecological research on the human biome (August 4, 2011) -- Human skin is teeming with microbes -- communities of bacteria, many of which are harmless, live alongside the more infamous microbes sometimes found on the skin. Researchers recently set out to dispel the myth that all bacteria on the skin are disease-causing germs. ... > full story

U.S. physicians spend nearly four times more on health insurance costs than Canadian counterparts (August 4, 2011) -- U.S. physicians spend nearly ,000 more than their Canadian counterparts each year on administrative expenses related to health insurance, according to a new study. ... > full story

Aggressive drug therapy aids superbug evolution, research finds (August 4, 2011) -- New research raises troubling concerns about the use of aggressive drug therapies to treat a wide range of diseases such as MRSA, C. difficile, malaria and even cancer. ... > full story

Text message reminders improve healthcare practice in rural Africa, study finds (August 4, 2011) -- New research has shown that sending text message reminders to health-care workers in rural Africa can improve the implementation of national guidelines for treating malaria. The intervention led to more patients receiving accurate antimalarial treatment. ... > full story

Researchers develop fully cooked food-aid product (August 4, 2011) -- Scientists have developed a fully cooked food-aid product called Instant Corn Soy Blend that supplements meals, particularly for young children. ... > full story

Have we met before? Scientists show why the brain has the answer (August 4, 2011) -- Have you ever been approached by someone whose face you recognize but whose name you can't remember? Neuroscientists have identified the reasons behind why we are, at times, unable to link a face to a name. ... > full story

Potential anti-cancer therapy that starves cancer cells of glucose identified (August 4, 2011) -- Researchers have identified a compound that attacks the Achilles' heel of certain cancer cells by depriving them of their energy source, the sugar glucose. ... > full story

Mold exposure during infancy increases asthma risk, study finds (August 4, 2011) -- Infants who live in "moldy" homes are three times more likely to develop asthma by age 7 -- an age that children can be accurately diagnosed with the condition, according to a new study. ... > full story

Drinking just one measure of spirits increases the risk of acute pancreatitis, study finds; But wine and beer do not appear to have the same effect (August 4, 2011) -- Drinking just one 4 cl measure of spirits can increase the risk of an acute attack of pancreatitis, but wine or beer does not appear to have the same effect. Researchers in Sweden followed 84,601 people from 46 to 84 years of age. The study suggests there are constituents in spirits that are not present in wine and beer and that they can cause acute pancreatitis, either on their own or with alcohol. ... > full story

An advance toward an 'electronic nose' urine test for TB (August 4, 2011) -- Scientists are reporting an advance toward a fast, inexpensive urine test to detect and monitor the effectiveness of treatment for tuberculosis, which is on a rampage in the developing world. ... > full story

A wise man's treatment for arthritis: Frankincense? (August 4, 2011) -- The answer to treating painful arthritis could lie in an age old herbal remedy -- frankincense, according to scientists. They have been examining the potential benefits of frankincense to help relieve and alleviate the symptoms of the condition. ... > full story

Gold nanoparticles used to diagnose flu in minutes (August 4, 2011) -- Arriving at a rapid and accurate diagnosis is critical during flu outbreaks, but until now, physicians and public health officials have had to choose between a highly accurate yet time-consuming test or a rapid but error-prone test. A new detection method however, offers the best of both worlds. ... > full story

Human hearts respond differently than mouse hearts to two cardiovascular drugs (August 4, 2011) -- Two recent research studies have found differences between the distribution of potassium-ion-channel variants in the mouse heart and in the human heart. In the mouse, the ion channels in the atria are different from those in the ventricles. In people there is no such chamber specificity. The difference is crucially important for the development of safe and effective cardiovascular drugs. ... > full story

Leukemia drug reverses tamoxifen-resistance in breast cancer cells (August 4, 2011) -- Taking a leukemia chemotherapy drug may help breast cancer patients who don't respond to tamoxifen overcome resistance to the widely-used drug, new research suggests. ... > full story

Mindful eating: Researchers are making every bite count (August 4, 2011) -- Two researchers seek to make diners mindful of mindless eating. A psychology professor and an electrical and computer engineering professor have created the Bite Counter, a measurement device that will make it easier for people to monitor how much they eat. ... > full story

Newly developed molecule tested as a delivery vehicle to image and kill brain tumors (August 4, 2011) -- A single compound with dual function -- the ability to deliver a diagnostic and therapeutic agent -- may one day be used to enhance the diagnosis, imaging and treatment of brain tumors, according to new research. ... > full story

New urine test shows prostate cancer risk; Test for gene fusion can assist in the early detection of prostate cancer (August 4, 2011) -- A new urine test can help aid early detection of and treatment decisions about prostate cancer, a new study finds. ... > full story

Combo therapies tested to overcome drug resistance in melanoma patients (August 4, 2011) -- Scientists tested a combination of small molecules that may, when used with the BRAF inhibitors, help overcome this drug resistance and extend the lives of those with advanced melanoma. ... > full story

Widespread mistaken beliefs about memory, U.S. national survey reveals (August 4, 2011) -- A new survey reveals that many people in the US -- in some cases a substantial majority -- think that memory is more powerful, objective and reliable than it actually is. Their ideas are at odds with decades of scientific research. ... > full story

New discovery brings customized tuberculosis therapies based on genotype closer to reality (August 4, 2011) -- Are you genetically predisposed to tuberculosis? Scientists may now be able to answer this question and doctors may be able to adjust their therapeutic approach based on what they learn. That's because new research suggests that two frequent mutations in an immune system gene called TLR1 are responsible cellular changes that ultimately make us less likely to resist the disease. ... > full story

How nerve cells are kept up to speed (August 4, 2011) -- Scientists have unraveled a mechanism involved in the reformation of neurotransmitter containing membrane vesicles in the brain. Perturbations of this reformation process, because of mutations in key proteins such as CALM and AP180, are a possible cause for the development of neurodegenerative disorders such as Alzheimer's disease. ... > full story

New high-speed 3-D imaging system holds potential for improved cancer screening (August 4, 2011) -- Researchers have developed a new imaging system that enables high-speed, three-dimensional (3-D) imaging of microscopic pre-cancerous changes in the esophagus or colon. The new system is based on an emerging technology called optical coherence tomography, which offers a way to see below the surface with 3-D, microscopic detail in ways that traditional screening methods can't. ... > full story

Small interventions can alleviate underperformance caused by stereotype threat (August 4, 2011) -- Picture black and white students at an Ivy League college learning about black students who are a year or so ahead of them in that school. They're told that the older black students were anxious about fitting in and how they would be viewed in college when they first arrived. But as the older black students got more involved in campus life, they began to find the school rewarding, even exciting as their life course took shape. ... > full story

Elusive gene mutations found for malignant brain tumor (August 4, 2011) -- A discovery by scientists at Duke University Medical Center and Johns Hopkins University could increase the chances for an effective combination of drug therapy to treat the second most common type of brain tumor. For years scientists have been looking for the primary cancer genes involved in the development of oligodendrogliomas. Scientists knew the two chromosomes that held the probable mutations, but not the particular gene information. ... > full story

Human skin cells converted directly into functional neurons (August 4, 2011) -- Researchers have directly converted human skin cells into functional forebrain neurons, without the need for stem cells of any kind. The findings offer a new and potentially more direct way to produce replacement cell therapies for Alzheimer's and other neurodegenerative diseases. Such cells may prove especially useful for testing new therapeutic leads. ... > full story

Success in treatment for kidney transplant patients (August 3, 2011) -- There is now a new alternative to immunosuppressive treatment after kidney transplants which comes without the usual severe side effects. ... > full story

One species of pathogen can produce two distinct biofilms (August 3, 2011) -- Many medical devices, ranging from artificial hip joints to dentures and catheters, can come with unwelcome guests -- complex communities of microbial pathogens called biofilms that are resistant to the human immune system and antibiotics, thus proving a serious threat to human health. However, researchers may have a new way of looking at biofilms, thanks to a new study. ... > full story

Getting to the heart of the appeal of video games (August 3, 2011) -- People spend 3 billion hours a week playing video games but little is known scientifically about why they are actually fun in the first place. ... > full story

Natural killer cells participate in immune response against HIV (August 3, 2011) -- A new study shows for the first time that natural killer cells, which are part of the body's first-line defense against infection, can contribute to the immune response against HIV. ... > full story

Finding could reduce antibiotic use in critically ill patients (August 3, 2011) -- Measuring the levels of a natural body chemical may allow doctors to reduce the duration of antibiotic use and improve the health outcomes of critically ill patients. ... > full story

Why knee osteoarthritis afflicts more women than men (August 3, 2011) -- An orthopedic surgeon suspects that the nagging pain and inflammation that women can experience in their knees may be different from what men encounter, and she has been chosen to lead a novel US-Canadian study to explore the question. ... > full story

Virginia Tech shootings: Professors publish research on post-traumatic stress (August 3, 2011) -- Prevalence of post-traumatic stress was significantly higher among women after the 2007 shootings at Virginia Tech, according to researchers. ... > full story

Lifestyles of the old and healthy defy expectations (August 3, 2011) -- People who live to 95 or older are no more virtuous than the rest of us in terms of their diet, exercise routine or smoking and drinking habits, according to researchers. ... > full story

Revolutionary biodegradable pellet targets glue ear infection (August 3, 2011) -- A revolutionary biodegradable pellet which slowly releases antibiotics into the middle ear could transform the lives of thousands of children who suffer from glue ear. ... > full story

Cooked green vegetables, dried fruit, legumes, and brown rice associated with fewer colon polyps (August 3, 2011) -- Eating legumes at least three times a week and brown rice at least once a week was linked to a reduced risk of colon polyps by 33 percent and 40 percent respectively, according to new research. High consumption of cooked green vegetables and dried fruit was also associated with greater protection, the study shows. ... > full story


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