Kamis, 18 Agustus 2011

ScienceDaily Health Headlines -- for Thursday, August 18, 2011

ScienceDaily Health Headlines

for Thursday, August 18, 2011

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Sniffer dogs can be used to detect lung cancer, research suggests (August 18, 2011) -- Sniffer dogs could be used for the early detection of lung cancer, according to new research. The study, carried out by researchers in Germany, is the first to find that sniffer dogs can reliably detect lung cancer. ... > full story

Maternal fat has negative impact on embryo development (August 18, 2011) -- Exposing eggs to high levels of saturated fatty acids -- as commonly found in the ovaries of obese women and those with type 2 diabetes -- compromises the development of the embryo, according to new research. ... > full story

New risk score spots patients at high risk of serious blood clots (August 18, 2011) -- A new risk prediction tool can identify patients at high risk of serious blood clots who might need preventative treatment, according to a new study. ... > full story

Common vein condition increases risk for developing life-threating blood clots (August 18, 2011) -- Patients with clinically diagnosed superficial vein thrombosis (SVT), a blood clot in the veins just beneath the skin that commonly resolves on its own without treatment, are four to six times more likely to develop venous thromboembolism (VTE), a dangerous, often life-threatening condition, according to a new study. ... > full story

Near-infrared imaging system shows promise as future pancreatic cancer diagnostic tool (August 18, 2011) -- Researchers have demonstrated for the first time that optical coherence tomography (OCT), a high resolution optical imaging technique that works by bouncing near-infrared laser light off biological tissue, can reliably distinguish between pancreatic cysts that are low-risk and high-risk for becoming malignant. ... > full story

Better mattresses improve care, cut hospital costs (August 18, 2011) -- Hospitals could reduce health-care costs arising from pressure ulcers, commonly known as bedsores, by investing in pressure-reduction mattresses for elderly patients in emergency departments, according to new research. ... > full story

Cellular laser microsurgery illuminates research in vertebrate biology (August 18, 2011) -- Using an ultrafast femtosecond laser, researchers were able to label, draw patterns on, and remove individual melanocytes cells from a species of frog tadpole (Xenopus) without damaging surrounding cells and tissues. Melanocytes are the cells responsible for skin pigment; they also are descendants of a specific type of stem cell that has regenerative potential and other characteristics similar to some cancer cells. ... > full story

Want to improve employee engagement? Make it part of the performance management process (August 18, 2011) -- The performance management process should evaluate and focus on employee engagement in addition to job performance, according to a new paper. ... > full story

Hospitalizations due to skin and soft-tissue infections among children have doubled (August 17, 2011) -- The number of children hospitalized for skin and soft-tissue infections, most due to community-acquired methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus, has more than doubled since 2000, a new study has found. ... > full story

Relationship between glaucoma and diabetes, hypertension (August 17, 2011) -- Many Americans suffer from diabetes and hypertension and, according to a new study, these individuals may have an increased risk of developing open-angle glaucoma. ... > full story

Fish oil's impact on cognition and brain structure identified in new study (August 17, 2011) -- Researchers have found positive associations between fish oil supplements and cognitive functioning as well as differences in brain structure between users and non-users of fish oil supplements. The findings suggest possible benefits of fish oil supplements on brain health and aging. ... > full story

Using powder-free latex gloves reduces latex allergy rate in health care workers (August 17, 2011) -- Researchers investigating latex allergy in health care workers have demonstrated the most effective public health strategy to prevent allergic sensitization is by stopping the use of powdered latex gloves. ... > full story

Working together can help battle effects of fatigue: Teams show more flexible thinking when fatigued than individuals, study finds (August 17, 2011) -- Fatigue can lead to dangerous errors by doctors, pilots and others in high-risk professions, but individuals who work together as a team display better problem-solving skills than those who face their fatigue alone, new research shows. ... > full story

Researchers find new hope for treatment of chronic leukemia (August 17, 2011) -- While testing a new drug designed to treat chronic leukemia, researchers have discovered new markers that could identify which patients would receive maximum benefit from the treatment. ... > full story

Gene combination increases risk of lung cancer, particularly in light smokers, study finds (August 17, 2011) -- Smokers with variations in two specific genes have a greater risk of smoking more cigarettes, becoming more dependent on nicotine and developing lung cancer, a new study shows. ... > full story

Fifteen minutes of moderate daily exercise lengthens life, Taiwanese study finds (August 17, 2011) -- An observational study of 416,175 Taiwanese shows that low-volume, moderate intensity exercise reduces death rates and extends life expectancy by three years. ... > full story

Effects of prenatal stress passed across generations in mice (August 17, 2011) -- Sons of male mice exposed to prenatal stress are more sensitive to stress as adults, according to a new study. These findings suggest experiences in the womb can lead to individual differences in stress response that may be passed across generations. ... > full story

Popular herbal supplements may adversely affect chemotherapy treatment (August 17, 2011) -- Acai berry, cumin, herbal tea, turmeric and long-term use of garlic -- all herbal supplements commonly believed to be beneficial to your health -- may negatively impact chemotherapy treatment according to a new report. ... > full story

Fat and healthy? Study finds slim isn't always superior (August 17, 2011) -- A new study has some refreshing news: Being fat can actually be good for you. Researchers have found that obese people who are otherwise healthy live just as long as their slim counterparts, and are less likely to die of cardiovascular causes. ... > full story

'Methyl magnet' genes can predispose families to increased cancer risk (August 17, 2011) -- Medical researchers have discovered a new type of mechanism causing cancer susceptibility, showing that tiny changes in some anti-cancer genes can act as magnets to attract modifying "biochemical tags", effectively switching them off and predisposing families to an increased risk of the disease. ... > full story

Use of radioactive iodine for treatment of thyroid cancer on the rise (August 17, 2011) -- Despite uncertainty about the appropriate use of radioactive iodine after surgery for different stages of thyroid cancer, between 1990 and 2008 its use has increased among patients with all tumor sizes, and there was wide variation in use of this treatment among hospitals, according to a new study. ... > full story

Easy to visualize goal is powerful motivator to finish a race or a task (August 17, 2011) -- Making goal attainment visual provides motivation for reaching abstract goals just as with physical destinations. ... > full story

Holograms reveal brain's inner workings: Microscopy technique used to observe activity of neurons like never before (August 17, 2011) -- Like far away galaxies, powerful tools are required to bring the minute inner workings of neurons into focus. Borrowing a technique from materials science, a team of neurobiologists, psychiatrists, and advanced imaging specialists from Switzerland report how digital holographic microscopy can now be used to observe neuronal activity in real-time and in three dimensions -- with up to 50 times greater resolution than ever before. ... > full story

Five inherited genetic variants linked to the most lethal prostate cancers (August 17, 2011) -- Researchers have identified five inherited genetic variants that are strongly associated with aggressive, lethal prostate cancer. The discovery ultimately could lead to the development of a simple blood test that could be given upon diagnosis to determine which men should receive aggressive treatment versus a more conservative "watchful waiting" approach. ... > full story

Mimicking biological complexity, in a tiny particle (August 17, 2011) -- Tiny particles made of polymers hold great promise for targeted delivery of drugs and as structural scaffolds for building artificial tissues. However, current production methods for such microparticles yield a limited array of shapes and can only be made with certain materials, restricting their usefulness. New technology could lead to better drug delivery and artificial tissues that imitate natural tissue. ... > full story

New drug aids gout patients not helped by standard treatments (August 17, 2011) -- Injections of pegloticase can produce significant and sustained clinical improvements in many patients with chronic gout that is resistant to conventional therapies. In two clinical trials, pegloticase rapidly lowered high levels of uric acid, the biochemical abnormality in gout. Forty percent of patients had complete resolution of at least one of the painful swollen joint nodules that are a hallmark of severe gout. ... > full story

Nut-allergy sufferers face prejudice: Life-threatening nut allergies viewed as 'frivolous' by many (August 17, 2011) -- Parents of nut-allergy sufferers face hostility and skepticism in trying to find safe environments for their children, a new study has found. ... > full story

Scientists show how gene variant linked to ADHD could operate; Study offers potential new target for treatment of ADHD (August 17, 2011) -- A study using mice provides insight into how a specific receptor subtype in the brain could play a role in increasing a person's risk for attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The research could also help explain how stimulants work to treat symptoms of ADHD. ... > full story

Persistent, microscopic blood in urine associated with increased risk of kidney disease (August 17, 2011) -- Adolescents and young adults who had persistent, microscopic blood in their urine (hematuria) were more likely to develop end-stage renal disease over a follow-up period of about 20 years, although the absolute risk was low, according to a new study. ... > full story

Brand-conscious consumers take bad news to heart (August 17, 2011) -- Consumers with close ties to a brand respond to negative information about the beloved brand as they do to personal failure -- they experience it as a threat to their self-image, according to a new study. ... > full story

Recurrence risk of autism in younger siblings higher than thought, study finds (August 17, 2011) -- The risk that an infant with an older sibling with autism will develop the disorder, previously estimated at between 3 and 10 percent, is substantially higher at approximately 19 percent, a large, international, multi-site study has found. It found an even more elevated risk of recurrence of over 26 percent for males, and over 32 percent for infants with more than one older sibling with autism. ... > full story

New approach to thyroid surgery eliminates neck scar (August 17, 2011) -- Thyroid nodules affect nearly 13 million Americans and are a result of abnormal cell growth on the gland. Until recently, the only way to remove nodules and rule out cancer was through surgery that required a five centimeter incision across the front of the neck. Today however, a new option exists that allows surgeons to access the neck through the armpit, allowing for a biopsy of tissue with no visible scar. ... > full story

Dark beer has more iron than pale beer or non-alcoholic beer (August 17, 2011) -- Researchers have analyzed 40 brands of beer, discovering that dark beer has more free iron than pale and non-alcoholic beers. Iron is essential to the human diet, but also helps oxidize the organic compounds that give these beverages stability and flavor. ... > full story

In job market, social contacts help men, not women (August 17, 2011) -- When it comes to finding a job, who you know is as important as what you know. Work experience generally helps people foster the kinds of personal contacts that can lead someone to new career opportunities, but a new study shows that this is really only true for men. The study finds that work experience doesn't improve women's chances of finding a job through social contacts. ... > full story

Scientists find new uses for existing drugs by mining gene-activity data banks (August 17, 2011) -- Researchers have paired up medicines and maladies with help from a molecular matchmaker. When the scientists applied an "opposites attract" algorithm to publicly available databases, surprising sparks flew: They found potential compatibilities between numerous existing drugs and diseases for which those drugs had never before been thought to be beneficial. ... > full story

Consumers willing to pay more for sustainable apparel if business is transparent, study finds (August 17, 2011) -- Researchers have found that consumers are willing to support apparel companies that do have employ sustainable and ethical practices; but those businesses have to prove it. ... > full story

Malignant stem cells may explain why some breast cancers develop and recur (August 16, 2011) -- Mutations that are found in stem cells could be causing some breast cancers to develop and may be the reason the disease recurs. These abnormal cells are likely controlling cell functions in the tumor and, given they are not targeted by chemotherapy and radiation, they enable the disease to recur, according to a new study. ... > full story

Defect in A20 gene expression can contribute to onset of rheumatoid arthritis (August 16, 2011) -- Researchers in Belgium have shown that a defective gene can contribute to the onset of rheumatoid arthritis, an often-crippling inflammation of the joints that afflicts about one percent of the world's population. ... > full story

Speaking and understanding speech share the same parts of the brain (August 16, 2011) -- The brain has two big tasks related to speech: making it and understanding it. Psychologists and others who study the brain have debated whether these are really two separate tasks or whether they both use the same regions of the brain. Now, a new study finds that speaking and understanding speech share the same parts of the brain, with one difference: we don't need the brain regions that control the movements of lips, teeth, and so on to understand speech. ... > full story

Cigarette smoking implicated in half of bladder cancers in women; Bladder cancer risk from smoking is higher than previously estimated, study confirms (August 16, 2011) -- Current cigarette smokers have a higher risk of bladder cancer than previously reported, and the risk in women is now comparable to that in men, according to a new study. While previous studies showed that only 20 to 30 percent of bladder cancer cases in women were caused by smoking, these new data indicate that smoking is responsible for about half of female bladder cancer cases. ... > full story

Antibody discovered that may help detect ovarian cancer in earliest stages (August 16, 2011) -- Using a new approach to developing biomarkers for the very early detection of ovarian cancer, researchers have identified a molecule in the bloodstream of infertile women that could one day be used to screen for those at high risk for the disease -- or even those with early-stage ovarian cancer. ... > full story

Research on famous Siamese twins demonstrates how the paradox of American identity played out in the bodies of Chang and Eng (August 16, 2011) -- A cultural scholar has spent years studying Chang and Eng Bunker, a pair of Asian-born, co-joined, entrepreneurial, self-promoting "human marvels." "The Bunker twins," she says, "have served for more than 100 years as metaphors for the paradox that while 'individualism' is what makes Americans stand apart from Europeans, unity is equally valued." ... > full story

Possibility of temporarily reversing aging in the immune system (August 16, 2011) -- Researchers have discovered a new mechanism controlling aging in white blood cells. The research opens up the possibility of temporarily reversing the effects of aging on immunity and could, in the future, allow for the short-term boosting of the immune systems of older people. ... > full story

Scientists expand knowledge of cell process involved in many diseases (August 16, 2011) -- Scientists have for the first time defined the structure of one of the cell's most basic engines, which is required for cell growth, as it assembles from its components. ... > full story

Causes of high incidence of breast cancer in African-American women identified (August 16, 2011) -- Investigators have reported findings that may shed light on why African American women have a disproportionately higher risk of developing more aggressive and difficult-to-treat breast cancers, specifically estrogen and progesterone receptor negative (ER-/PR-) cancers. Childbearing may increase the risk of hormone receptor-negative breast cancer in African-American women. ... > full story

Consequences of co-worker rudeness are far-reaching (August 16, 2011) -- A co-worker's rudeness can have a great impact on relationships far beyond the workplace, according to a new study. Findings suggest that stress created by incivility can be so intense that, at the end of the day, it is taken home by the worker and impacts the well-being of the worker's family and partner, who in turn takes the stress to his/her workplace. ... > full story

Daily TV quota of six hours could shorten life expectancy by five years (August 16, 2011) -- Watching TV for an average of six hours a day could shorten the viewer's life expectancy by almost five years, indicates new research. ... > full story

Influence of breast milk vs. formula and genetics on gut microbiota composition could help prevent celiac disease (August 16, 2011) -- The autoimmune condition, Celiac disease, afflicts roughly one in 133 Americans. It is caused by a combination of genetic and environmental factors. Now a team of investigators from Spain shows that the level of genetic risk of celiac disease influences the composition of infants' gut microbiota, and confirms earlier studies showing that the type of milk feeding -- breast vs. formula -- also influences the species distribution. Their hypothesis is that these changes in the intestinal microbiota may directly influence the risk of celiac disease, and that if this is so, changes in diet -- particularly breast feeding -- could reduce that risk. ... > full story


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